Dalmat Yacht
Op-ed
It's got to have SOMETHING to do with Croatia. It is in Croatia and it's named Dalmat and is in our possession. My question is who owns it and who was able to sell it? I did some research scroll down and you'll find it.
Nenad
April 04, 2003
Italy and Croatia at odds over Habsburg yacht
From Richard Owen in Rome
AN ITALIAN politician who restored the last royal yacht of the Habsburg Empire after finding her lying derelict in a Croatian shipyard says that he is being prevented from taking the vessel to Italy because the authorities have belatedly declared it a national treasure.
Gianfranco Cozzi from Genoa, a Christian Democrat deputy in the Italian parliament, is a collector of naval curiosities. He said that he had come across the yacht, the Dalmat, at a shipyard in Split.
“She had been dumped like a lump of old iron, he said. “I saved her from being scrapped, but now Zagreb is refusing to let the yacht leave out of a nationalistic whim.”
Signor Cozzi, who runs a port services business, had planned to add the yacht to his collection of historic vessels at Santo Stefano al Mare, near San Remo on the Italian Riviera. He told The Times that he had restored about a hundred vessels, including Brigitte Bardot’s yacht Triton.
“The Habsburg yacht has nothing to do with Croatia beyond that she happened to end up there,” he said. “There is no case for blocking her export. It was built in Trieste, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian empire, but is now Italian.”
The 270-tonne Dalmat, which is 45m (147ft) long, was built at the San Rocco shipyard in Trieste in 1896. Her most celebrated moment came in 1914 when she was used to carry the body of Archduke Franz Ferdinand back to Vienna via Trieste after he was assassinated in Sarajevo.
Signor Cozzi said that he did not know how the Dalmat had ended up in Split. “I paid €500,000 (£344,800) for her, and I have since spent €5 million restoring her.”
Adolfo Urso, Italy’s Deputy Minister for Foreign Trade, said that his Government would take up the case in view of the vessel’s historical value.
Source:http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-633577,00.html
Dalmat - Fata, becameCroatian Vial 1943, then Admrialty Yacht Orjen 1945, later floating restaurant Istranka, "at Split, still in existence and currently for sale (1998) - the only existing relic of the former AH Navy! (Austro Habsburg)
http://www.gwpda.org/naval/ahfate.htm#yachts
Post War Distribution of Austro-Hungarian Warships
by Erwin F. Sieche, Vienna, Austria.
On 29 October 1918 A-H officials started ceasefire negotiations which ended in the ceasefire regulations of Villa Giusti signed on 3 November. The end of hostilities was scheduled for 4 November. The naval implementations asked that on 6 November 3 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 9 destroyers, 12 torpedo boats, 1 minelayer and 15 submarines - the most modern units of the A-H navy - had to surrender unconditionally off Venice to allied forces. All other units were to concentrate in Buccari (Bakar) and Spalato (Split). In the same time world politics had made a sharp turn, anyway, the 600 year old Habsburg empire had disintegrated over night. On 29 October the South Slav National Council of the Serbs,Croats and Slovenes had declared at Agram (Zagreb) the new SHS state (abbreviation for Srbska, Hrvatska, Slovenska). The very next day at the main A-H naval base Pola (Pula) sailors councils
took over the power and mutinies spread. As Austria-Hungary had lost her coast to a new state, Emperor Karl I. (King KarlIV. of Hungary) ordered the whole A-H fleet including all coastal facilities to be handed over to representatives of the new South Slav National Council. The change of flags occurred on 31 October 9 am, most naval personnel left Pola to return to their newborn states. The new SHS state - not ratified by the allied powers - declared itself to be on the side of the allies.
With the lack of personnel to man the ships and fulfil the implementations of Villa Giusti there was no chance of surrendering the nucleus of the fleet off Venice on 6 November. The Italians reacted immediately and did not stop a long planned operation against the A-H fleet in Pola. In the morning hours of 1 November the Italian frogmen Maggiore del genio navale (Major of the Naval Engineers) Raffaele Rossetti and tenente medico (Medical Lieutenent) Raffaele Paolucci sank the new flagship of the SHS navy Viribus Unitis - not yet renamed in these few hours - with a limpet mine dubbed 'Mignatta' (Leech).
The turmoil in the coastal areas determinated the Italians to conquer as quickly as possible as much as possible. 3 November they landed at Trieste, 4 November at Abbazia (Opatija), Fiume (Rijeka), Parenzo (Porec), and Zara (Zadar); 5 November they conquered Pola (Pula). The Italians forced the Yugoslavs to lower their flags and raise the Italian tricolore on all ex-A-H warships. The Yugoslavs succeeded only in putting together nucleus crews and transfer the battleships Radetzky and Zrinyi to Sette Castelli Bay where they put themselves under custody of the US Navy.
The Austro-Hungarian dreadnought PRINZ EUGEN during speed trials in 1913.
On 16 November 1918 the conference of the allied admirals at Venice, Italy, defined the control zones on the Dalmatian coast as follows: Italy had the Istrian peninsula and Pola; USA the zone of Split (Spalato); England and France had the joint control of the Bocce di Cattaro (Boka Kotorska). Warships of the respective other nations were to join in to secure overall control.
On 23 March 1919 the Italians transferred a group of ex-AH warships to Venice, where they took part in a bombastic V-Day naval parade held on 25 March. This where: the battleships Tegetthoff, Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand, the cruiser Admiral Spaun, the destroyers TSÇtra and Csepel, the torpedoboats Tb
80, Tb 81, Tb 86, Tb 92, Tb 98 and the submarines U 5, U 21, U 28, U 40. After the parade these ships where moored at Venice to corroborate the Italian rights of occupancy.
So the ex-AH warships were not interned by the allies - as had been the German High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow -, but were simply idle hulls under allied custody. The further fate had to be negotiated in Paris. Only the French received back the submarine U 14 and recommissioned it as Curie on 17.7.1919. In the mean time the hulked cruiser Kaiser Franz Joseph I. who served as a floating ammo deposit in the remotebay of Zanjica, outside of the Boka Kotorska, capsized and sunk in a heavy gale on 17 October 1919. On the same occasion the two torpedoboats Tb 12 and Tb 52 were beached and wrecked at Sette Castelli Bay near Spalato.
The Austro-Hungarian pre-dreadnought RADETZKY fully dressed during the sport's week 1908 at Abbazia/Opatija.
Regarding the further usage of ex-AH warships we have to keep in mind that the main interest lay in the modern German warships and submarines. Obsolete, worn out units in a remote area like the northern Adriatic were of no substantial interest for the main naval powers. At the end of January the allied naval council at Paris declared what was to happen with these units. Most of them were to be scrapped within 12 months, Italy and France should receive some units as compensation for war losses and some of the associated powers like Greece, Portugal and Romania should receive a batch of torpedoboats. Yugoslavia was the great loser and was reduced to a third rank coastal navy.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The distribution was as follows:
Battleships/predreadnoughts:
* England: Habsburg, Arpad, Babenberg (sold for scrap to Roman Steelmill Vaccaro & Co, 1922/23 scrapped at Cantiere navale di scoglio olivi, the former AH naval arsenal, now an Italian firm) Erzherzog Friedrich, Erzhzerzog Ferdinand Max (sold to Italian scrappers; broken 1921 at La Spezia resp. Genoa)
* Italy: Tegetthoff (after numerous interventions of the allied naval council scrapped not before 1924/25 at Leghorn/La Spezia); Radetzky, Zrinyi (November 1920 handed over by the US Navy off the 3-mile-zone to Italy, scrapped 1926 resp. 1921); Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand (scrapped 1921 at Ancona)
* France: Prinz Eugen (after demolition trials sunk in 1922 as gunnery target off Toulon); Erzherzog Karl (sank en route to scrapping in Bizerta Lagoon/Sidi Abdallah due to heavy weather; 1921 scrapped in situ)
Coast defenders:
* England: Monarch, Budapest (sold for scrap to Roman steelmill Vaccaro & Co; scrapped in 1921)
Cruisers:
* England: Kaiser Karl VI., Sankt Georg, Kaiserin und Koenigin Maria Theresia, Admiral Spaun, Aspern, Szigetvar (sold to Roman steelmill Vaccaro & Co, scrapped respectively 1921 to 1923 at Napoli, Taranto, Elba, Venezia, Elba)
* Italy: Helgoland (End of 1919 towed by the French to Bizerta Lagoon; 19.9.1920 commissioned by Italy as Brindisi; 22.-26.10. transfer from Bizerta to La Spezia, enlisted to the scout squadron 'Gruppo Esploratori'; 3.7.1921 left Brindisi as stationery in the Levant, 16.7. in Istanbul; 3.7.1924 returned from the Levant; 6.2. - 7.3. Mission to Libya; 7.3. Brindisi in; 15.3. with the Italian King and the minister of the navy at Fiume/Rijeka for the celebration of the Italian annexation of Fiume; 21.3.-31.8.1925 Brindisi; 1.9.1925 - 31.3.1926 Taranto; 26.7.1926 decommissioned; from 1.7.1927 staff ship of the I. torpedo division; 20.11. reserve division; from 6.6.1928 staff ship of the special division; 12.4.1929 for special mission to Albania understate secretary of foreign affairs on board, 12.16.4.1929 Durazzo/Durresi; 17.-26.5.1929 port calls in the Levant; 25.11.1929 decommissioned; from 26.11. accommodation ship at various ports like Ancona, Pola, since 19.12.1934 Trieste; 11.3.1937 stricken, probably scrapped at Trieste)
Saida (19.9.1920 commissioned by Italy as Venezia; repairs of the machinery; commissioned 5.7.1921 after refit; in October at Taranto final ending of machinery repairs; 31.12. stationery at the Levant; 3.1.1922 took over naval command of the Dodecanese at Marmaris; 16.30.4.1922 coverage of the retreat of Italian troops from Anatolia; 14.5.-31.8.1922 Izmir; 1.-4.9.1922 Rhodes; 5.9.1922 - 18.3.1923 Izmir; 11.3. Messina in; 21.3.11923 to La Spezia for repairs; since 1.11.1924 enlisted to the scout squadron 'Gruppo Esploratori', but steady repairs; 1.12.1925 active service; 8.1.1926 transferred to Taranto, special colonial mission; 16.3. minister for the colonies , to Derna/Libya, minister unshipped; 1.4. Benghazi shipped in; 4.4. Naples in; 11.-16.4.1926 Tripolis; 20.-24.4.1926 La Valletta/Malta, than Naples; 25.3.1927 at Naples Count of the on board for special mission to Ethiopia; 5.5. Massaua, 14.5.Assab, 15.5. at Djibuti Count of the Abruzzes unshipped for mission to Addis Abbaba; 2.5. shipped in, left Djibuti; 30.5. Massaua; 10.6. Naples in; 26.11. left for port calls in the Levant; .12. Taranto in; from 5.3.1928 at La Spezia staff ship of the II. torpedo division, left 5.3. for manoeuvres in the southern Adriatic; 3.6. - 21.10 stationery at the Levant, then reserve division of the scouting forces in the southern Adriatic; 4.7.1930 to Genoa for decommissioning; since 16.3.1935 accomodation ship; stricken 11.3. 1937, probably scrapped in Genoa.)
* France: Novara (March 1920 towed by French tug from Gjenovic/Boka Kotorska to Bizerta; because of water inrush during the towage beached in Brindisi harbour, salvaged after 5 weeks; towed to Bizerta Lagoon for further repairs; 12.-17.10.1921 towed from to Toulon, renamed Thionville; rearmed and refitted; gunnery and torpedo training ship of the Mediterranean division; disarmed 1.5.1932; stationary training ship at the artillery pier the naval arsenal of Toulon; 1932 decomm., acommodation ship at Toulon, sold for scrap 1942)
Old torpedoships, destroyers and torpedoboats:
* England: Panther, Leopard (sold for scrap to Roman steelmill Vaccaro Co, broken 1921 at Messina)
* Italy: Zara, Spalato, Sebenico (scrapped 1921), Meteor, Blitz, Komet, Planet, Trabant, Magnet, Scharfschuetze, Uskoke, Turul, Csiku˚s, Velebit, Dinara, HuszSÇr (II), Warasdiner (all of them probably scrapped 1921 at Pola) , Balaton (Tatra joined in the Italian V-Day parade of 24.3.1919; 27.9.1920 renamed Fasana resp. Zenson, 16.10.1920 both towed to Pola, not commissioned according to worn out condition but cannibalised; stricken 5.7.1923, scrapped),
Csepel, Orjen (renamed 26.9.1920 in Muggia resp. Pola; Muggia ab 10.3.1927 stationery at Shanghai, attached to cruiser Libia, patrols along the entire Chinese coast, stranded 25.3.1929 due to dense fog Amoy island on the Finger Rocks - total loss, crew saved by Japanese steamer Matsumoto (Maru?); Pola was modernised at Cantiere navale di scoglio olivi, Pola, using spares of TSÇtra and Balaton, 1924-1928 decommissioned respectively reserve at Taranto, from March 1931 colonial service in Libya, 9.4.1931 renamed Zenson(II), 1931/32 port calls in the eastern Mediterranean, then Venezia, 1.5.1937 stricken, scrapped)
Triglav (II), Lika (II), Uzsok (26.9.1920 renamed Grado, October 1920 towed by Italian tug Titano to Messina, towed July 1921 from Messina to Pola, refit at Cantiere navale di scoglio olivi and at Trieste, from October 1924 fleet service at Venezia, stricken 30.9.1937; the same with Cortellazzo, 1927 fleet service in Venezia as machinery training ship, 1928, 1931 and 1932 stationery in Libya, since November 1933 machinery training ship in Venezia, 1933 port calls in Greece and in Cyrenaika, 1937 e, 5.1.1937 stricken; the same with Monfalcone, 1928-1931 fleet service at Pola, 1931/32 training ship, port calls in the Dodecanese and Libya, August/September 1937 patrols in the straits of Sicily to intercept ships carrying supplies from Russia to Spanish Republicans, after that fleet service at Venezia, stricken 5.1.1939).
* France: Satellit, Pandur, Reka (1921 scrapped), Dukla (20.9.1920 renamed in Matelot Leblanc, August 1921 transferred to Toulon, Mediterranean Fleet service with the 1. Torpedo-Squadron, January to April 1923 refit at Toulon using spares of the Fasana and Zenson cannibalised by the Italians, fleet service, from 6.2.1924 to 30.5.1925 out of service because of bad condition, after repairs Mediterranean Fleet service with the 3. Torpedoboat-Squadron, 1928 with the 9. Torpedoboat-Squadron at Bizerta, stricken 1936, condemmned 4 May 1936, 5 October 1936 in Bizerta sold for scrap to the SociettÇ Klaguine).
* Greece: Ulan (renamed Smyrni; stricken 1932)
Coastal and high seas torpedoboats:
* England: Tb 8 - 10, Tb 14, Tb 18 (sold for scrap to Messina) Tb 50 E, 51 T, 53 T, 55 - 59 T, 62 T, 63 T, 64 - 68 F, 70 - 73 F (sold for scrap to Cantiere navale di scoglio olivi, Pola).
* Italy: Tb 1 - 7 (scrapped 1921; Tb 3, 7 Guardia Finanza/Customs until 1925) Tb 20, Tb 22 - 25, Tb 27, Tb 29 - 32, Tb 37, Tb 39, Tb 40 (scrapped 1921; Tb 22, Tb 24, Tb 25, Tb 29, Tb 32 Guardia Finanza/Customs until 1925).
* France: Tb 13, Tb 15 - 17 (scrapped 1921)
* Kingdom SHS (since 1.6.1929 kingdom Yugoslavia): Tb 21, Tb 19, Tb 36, Tb 38 (commissioned as D 1 - 4 until 1924/25, D 2 until 1941, fate ?)
Tb 60 T, Tb 61 T, Tb 69 F, Tb 54 T (commissioned as T 9 - 12; T 9, 10, 12 decommissioned 1924, T 11 decommissioned 1938 and scrapped)
Tb 76 T - 79 T (commissioned as T 1 - 4; T 1 since April 1941 Italian T 1, 7.12.1943 Croatic T 1, 1945 Yugoslav Golesnica, service until 1959. T 2 decommissioned 1939, scrapped. T 3 since April 1941 Italian T 3, 16.9.1943 German, commissioned 15.8.1944 as TA 48, sunk 20.2.1945 at Trieste by allied bombs, salvaged 1946, 1947 sold for scrap. T 4 total loss in 1932 after stranding /where?/).
Tb 87 F, 93 F, 96 F, 97 F (commissioned as T 5 - 8; T 5 since April 1941 Italian T 5; since 7.12.1943Croat T 5; since 1945 Yugoslav Cer, until 1963, scrapped. T 6 since 2.3.1941 Italian T 6, 11.9.1943 scuttled off Cesenatico. T 7 since April 1941 Italian T 7, since September 1943 Croat T 7, 25.6.1944 with mixed German-Croat in battle with British MTBs, ran aground on Murter - total . T 8, since April 1941 Italian T 8, 10.9.1943 off Dubrovnik /or Olip?/ sank by German bombs).
* Romania: Tb 75 T, 76 T, 80 T, 81 T (commissioned as Viforul, , Vijelija, Zborul; all stricken, Zborul in service since i.D., scrapped 1959/60)
Tb 82 F, 83 F, 84 F (commissioned as Naluca, sunk 1944 in Constanza harbour by Soviet aircraft; resp. Zmeul, in service until 1958, scrapped 1959/60; resp. Fulgerul, 8.2.1922 capsized during transfer off European coast of Turkey in heavy gale, total loss).
* Greece: Tb 92 F, 95 F (commissioned as Panormos, stranded in March 1928 off Aegina island - total loss; resp. Proussa, heavily damaged off Corfu by German air attack 4.4.1941, scuttled by crew)
Tb 98 - 100 M (commissioned as Kyzikos, scuttled on 25.4.1941 at Salamis Naval Arsenal; resp. Kios, heavily damaged by German air off Vougliameni on 23.4.1941, scuttled by crew; resp. , escorting Zakynthos sunk on 26.4.1941 by German air attack).
* Portugal: Tb 85 F, 86 F, 88 - 91 F (commissioned as Zezere, Ave, Cavado, Sado, Lis, Mondego; Zezere and Cavado ran aground in tow of the Portugese tug Patrao Lopez during transfer from Venice to Lisbon on 29.12.1921 near Bone, Algeria - both total loss; Ave left Venice 21.3.1921, in Lisbon on 5.5.1921, decommissioned 30.7.1940; Sado left Venice 21.5.1921, in Lisbon 5.8., decommissioned 30.7.1940; Lis left Venice 21.3.1921, in Lisbon on 5.5.1921, commissioned 31.12.1921, decommissioned 6.4.1934; Mondego left Venice 21.5.1921, in Lisbon 5.8.1921, decommissioned 14.1.1938).
Submarines:
* Italy: U 1, 2, 11, 15, 17 (scrapped in Pola), U 5, 21, 28, 32, 40 (scrapped in Venezia), U 27 (scrapped in Fiume/Rijeka), U 10 (scrapped in Trieste), U 29 (scrapped where?)
* France: U 4, 22, 31, 41, 43, 47 (scrapped where?)
Special service ships:
* England: minelayer Chamaeleon, Salamander (sold for scrap to Messina)
* France: minelayer Basilisk
* Italy: Torped supply ship and submarine mother ship Gaea (ex-NDL Fuerst Bismarck, ex-Russ. Moskwa; 1919 Italian state railways; 1920 chartered by Mssrs. Cosulich S.T.N. as emigrants ship to the USA, renamed San Giusto; after first voyage in 1921 idle and scrapped in 1924), Torpedosupplyship Pelikan, accomodation hulk Kronprinzessin Erzherzogin Stefanie (ex-turretship, scrapped 1926 at Trieste), fleetcoalers Pola, Teodo (renamed Fianona, Barbarina), fleettanker Vesta (ex-Etelka, renamed Marte), admiralty yacht Lacroma (ex- torpedo cruiser Tiger, scrapped), paddlewheel yachts Miramar, Taurus (scrapped; resp. ex-Nirwana, renamed Marechiaro, since 1928 official statejacht Aurora, sunk after torpedo hit by German E-boats S 54 and S 61 off Taranto on 11.9.1943), Yacht Dalmat (renamed Fata, since 9.1943 Croat Vila, 1945 admiralty-yacht Orjen, renamed Istranka, later floating restaurant Istranka at Split - the idle hull still exists and is for sale - apparently this is the only real existing relic of the former AH Navy), harbour yacht of Pola Lussin (ex- torpedocruiser, ex-stoker training ship, renamed Sorrento, passengership in the Gulf of Naples, stricken 1928), salvage ship Herkules (renamed Teseo, sunk 13.12.1931 in heavy gale), pumpship Pluto (renamed Volosca), harbour guardship Mars (ex-case mate ship Tegetthoff, scrapped).
* Kingdom SHS (since 6.1.1929 Kingdom Yugoslavia): Harbour guardship Kronrinz Rudolf (ex-turretship, renamed Kumbor; 1922 sold for scrap), accomodation hulk Kaiser Max (ex-casemate ship, renamed Tivat, later Neretva, scrapped 1927), repairship Cyclop (renamed Perun), salvage ship Gigant (renamed, decommissioned 1929 and scrapped).
Sources:
Franz F. Bilzer, Die Torpedoboote der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine von 1875-1918, Graz 1984, page 107 ff. Franz F. Bilzer, Die Torpedoschiffe und Zerstoerer der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine 1867-1918, Graz 1990, 116 ff. G. Fioravanzo/P.M. Pollina/G.N.G. Riccardi/ F. Gniffetti, I Cacciatorpediniere Italiani 1900 - 1971 (The Italian Destroyers 1900 - 1971), Rome 1971, page 171 ff Giorgio Giorgerini/Augusto Nani, Gli Incrociatori Italiani 1861 - 1970 (The Italian Cruisers 1861 - 1870), Rome 1971, page 399 ff Mihai Georgescu, ex-AH torpedoboats in Romanian service, in Modelism, Bucharest/Romania, # 3-4/1994 Paul G. Halpern, The Naval War in the Mediterranean, USNIP 1987 Paul Kemp, Grossbritannien und die Aufteilung der k.u.k. Flotte 1918-1923 (Great Britain and the distribution of the A-H fleet 1918-1923), in MARINE - Gestern, Heute, # 2/1985, p. 41ff., # 3/1985, p. 81 ff Arthur von Khuepach, Endschicksal der oesterreichisch-ungarischen Flotteneinheiten (fate of the A-H fleet), in Marine-Rundschau # 10/1938, page 750 ff, # 11/1938, page 830 ff, # 12/1938, page 920 ff Georg Pregel, Die SHS-Kriegsmarine in den Jahren 1919 - 1923 (The SHS-Navy in the years 1919-1923), in MARINE - Gestern, Heute, # 1/1987, page 1 ff. Erwin Sieche, Zeittafel der Aufloesung und Uebergabe der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine 1918-1923 (Timetable of the disintegration and surrender of the A-H Navy 1918-1923), in MARINE - Gestern, Heute, # 4/1985, p. 129 ff., # 1/1986, p. 12 ff Erwin Sieche, Verbleib der oesterreichisch-ungarischen Kriegsmarine nach 1918 (postwar fate of the A-H navy after 1918), in Schiff und Zeit,Germany, # 43 Milan Vego, The Yugoslav Navy 1918-1941, in Warship International # 4/1982, page 342 ff for further sources see Warship International # 2/1966, page 207
© 1997 Erwin F. Sieche, Vienna, Austria
Note on crest.
The official emblem of the Austro-Hungarian Navy shows the Habsburg crown decorated with two cap ribbons and a naval anchor.
http://www.cronab.demon.co.uk/ah3.htm
Dalmat Yacht
Op-ed
It's got to have SOMETHING to do with Croatia. It is in Croatia and it's named Dalmat and is in our possession. My question is who owns it and who was able to sell it? I did some research scroll down and you'll find it.
Nenad
April 04, 2003
Italy and Croatia at odds over Habsburg yacht
From Richard Owen in Rome
AN ITALIAN politician who restored the last royal yacht of the Habsburg Empire after finding her lying derelict in a Croatian shipyard says that he is being prevented from taking the vessel to Italy because the authorities have belatedly declared it a national treasure.
Gianfranco Cozzi from Genoa, a Christian Democrat deputy in the Italian parliament, is a collector of naval curiosities. He said that he had come across the yacht, the Dalmat, at a shipyard in Split.
“She had been dumped like a lump of old iron, he said. “I saved her from being scrapped, but now Zagreb is refusing to let the yacht leave out of a nationalistic whim.”
Signor Cozzi, who runs a port services business, had planned to add the yacht to his collection of historic vessels at Santo Stefano al Mare, near San Remo on the Italian Riviera. He told The Times that he had restored about a hundred vessels, including Brigitte Bardot’s yacht Triton.
“The Habsburg yacht has nothing to do with Croatia beyond that she happened to end up there,” he said. “There is no case for blocking her export. It was built in Trieste, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian empire, but is now Italian.”
The 270-tonne Dalmat, which is 45m (147ft) long, was built at the San Rocco shipyard in Trieste in 1896. Her most celebrated moment came in 1914 when she was used to carry the body of Archduke Franz Ferdinand back to Vienna via Trieste after he was assassinated in Sarajevo.
Signor Cozzi said that he did not know how the Dalmat had ended up in Split. “I paid €500,000 (£344,800) for her, and I have since spent €5 million restoring her.”
Adolfo Urso, Italy’s Deputy Minister for Foreign Trade, said that his Government would take up the case in view of the vessel’s historical value.
Source:http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-633577,00.html
Dalmat - Fata, becameCroatian Vial 1943, then Admrialty Yacht Orjen 1945, later floating restaurant Istranka, "at Split, still in existence and currently for sale (1998) - the only existing relic of the former AH Navy! (Austro Habsburg)
http://www.gwpda.org/naval/ahfate.htm#yachts
Post War Distribution of Austro-Hungarian Warships
by Erwin F. Sieche, Vienna, Austria.
On 29 October 1918 A-H officials started ceasefire negotiations which ended in the ceasefire regulations of Villa Giusti signed on 3 November. The end of hostilities was scheduled for 4 November. The naval implementations asked that on 6 November 3 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 9 destroyers, 12 torpedo boats, 1 minelayer and 15 submarines - the most modern units of the A-H navy - had to surrender unconditionally off Venice to allied forces. All other units were to concentrate in Buccari (Bakar) and Spalato (Split). In the same time world politics had made a sharp turn, anyway, the 600 year old Habsburg empire had disintegrated over night. On 29 October the South Slav National Council of the Serbs,Croats and Slovenes had declared at Agram (Zagreb) the new SHS state (abbreviation for Srbska, Hrvatska, Slovenska). The very next day at the main A-H naval base Pola (Pula) sailors councils
took over the power and mutinies spread. As Austria-Hungary had lost her coast to a new state, Emperor Karl I. (King KarlIV. of Hungary) ordered the whole A-H fleet including all coastal facilities to be handed over to representatives of the new South Slav National Council. The change of flags occurred on 31 October 9 am, most naval personnel left Pola to return to their newborn states. The new SHS state - not ratified by the allied powers - declared itself to be on the side of the allies.
With the lack of personnel to man the ships and fulfil the implementations of Villa Giusti there was no chance of surrendering the nucleus of the fleet off Venice on 6 November. The Italians reacted immediately and did not stop a long planned operation against the A-H fleet in Pola. In the morning hours of 1 November the Italian frogmen Maggiore del genio navale (Major of the Naval Engineers) Raffaele Rossetti and tenente medico (Medical Lieutenent) Raffaele Paolucci sank the new flagship of the SHS navy Viribus Unitis - not yet renamed in these few hours - with a limpet mine dubbed 'Mignatta' (Leech).
The turmoil in the coastal areas determinated the Italians to conquer as quickly as possible as much as possible. 3 November they landed at Trieste, 4 November at Abbazia (Opatija), Fiume (Rijeka), Parenzo (Porec), and Zara (Zadar); 5 November they conquered Pola (Pula). The Italians forced the Yugoslavs to lower their flags and raise the Italian tricolore on all ex-A-H warships. The Yugoslavs succeeded only in putting together nucleus crews and transfer the battleships Radetzky and Zrinyi to Sette Castelli Bay where they put themselves under custody of the US Navy.
The Austro-Hungarian dreadnought PRINZ EUGEN during speed trials in 1913.
On 16 November 1918 the conference of the allied admirals at Venice, Italy, defined the control zones on the Dalmatian coast as follows: Italy had the Istrian peninsula and Pola; USA the zone of Split (Spalato); England and France had the joint control of the Bocce di Cattaro (Boka Kotorska). Warships of the respective other nations were to join in to secure overall control.
On 23 March 1919 the Italians transferred a group of ex-AH warships to Venice, where they took part in a bombastic V-Day naval parade held on 25 March. This where: the battleships Tegetthoff, Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand, the cruiser Admiral Spaun, the destroyers TSÇtra and Csepel, the torpedoboats Tb
80, Tb 81, Tb 86, Tb 92, Tb 98 and the submarines U 5, U 21, U 28, U 40. After the parade these ships where moored at Venice to corroborate the Italian rights of occupancy.
So the ex-AH warships were not interned by the allies - as had been the German High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow -, but were simply idle hulls under allied custody. The further fate had to be negotiated in Paris. Only the French received back the submarine U 14 and recommissioned it as Curie on 17.7.1919. In the mean time the hulked cruiser Kaiser Franz Joseph I. who served as a floating ammo deposit in the remotebay of Zanjica, outside of the Boka Kotorska, capsized and sunk in a heavy gale on 17 October 1919. On the same occasion the two torpedoboats Tb 12 and Tb 52 were beached and wrecked at Sette Castelli Bay near Spalato.
The Austro-Hungarian pre-dreadnought RADETZKY fully dressed during the sport's week 1908 at Abbazia/Opatija.
Regarding the further usage of ex-AH warships we have to keep in mind that the main interest lay in the modern German warships and submarines. Obsolete, worn out units in a remote area like the northern Adriatic were of no substantial interest for the main naval powers. At the end of January the allied naval council at Paris declared what was to happen with these units. Most of them were to be scrapped within 12 months, Italy and France should receive some units as compensation for war losses and some of the associated powers like Greece, Portugal and Romania should receive a batch of torpedoboats. Yugoslavia was the great loser and was reduced to a third rank coastal navy.
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The distribution was as follows:
Battleships/predreadnoughts:
* England: Habsburg, Arpad, Babenberg (sold for scrap to Roman Steelmill Vaccaro & Co, 1922/23 scrapped at Cantiere navale di scoglio olivi, the former AH naval arsenal, now an Italian firm) Erzherzog Friedrich, Erzhzerzog Ferdinand Max (sold to Italian scrappers; broken 1921 at La Spezia resp. Genoa)
* Italy: Tegetthoff (after numerous interventions of the allied naval council scrapped not before 1924/25 at Leghorn/La Spezia); Radetzky, Zrinyi (November 1920 handed over by the US Navy off the 3-mile-zone to Italy, scrapped 1926 resp. 1921); Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand (scrapped 1921 at Ancona)
* France: Prinz Eugen (after demolition trials sunk in 1922 as gunnery target off Toulon); Erzherzog Karl (sank en route to scrapping in Bizerta Lagoon/Sidi Abdallah due to heavy weather; 1921 scrapped in situ)
Coast defenders:
* England: Monarch, Budapest (sold for scrap to Roman steelmill Vaccaro & Co; scrapped in 1921)
Cruisers:
* England: Kaiser Karl VI., Sankt Georg, Kaiserin und Koenigin Maria Theresia, Admiral Spaun, Aspern, Szigetvar (sold to Roman steelmill Vaccaro & Co, scrapped respectively 1921 to 1923 at Napoli, Taranto, Elba, Venezia, Elba)
* Italy: Helgoland (End of 1919 towed by the French to Bizerta Lagoon; 19.9.1920 commissioned by Italy as Brindisi; 22.-26.10. transfer from Bizerta to La Spezia, enlisted to the scout squadron 'Gruppo Esploratori'; 3.7.1921 left Brindisi as stationery in the Levant, 16.7. in Istanbul; 3.7.1924 returned from the Levant; 6.2. - 7.3. Mission to Libya; 7.3. Brindisi in; 15.3. with the Italian King and the minister of the navy at Fiume/Rijeka for the celebration of the Italian annexation of Fiume; 21.3.-31.8.1925 Brindisi; 1.9.1925 - 31.3.1926 Taranto; 26.7.1926 decommissioned; from 1.7.1927 staff ship of the I. torpedo division; 20.11. reserve division; from 6.6.1928 staff ship of the special division; 12.4.1929 for special mission to Albania understate secretary of foreign affairs on board, 12.16.4.1929 Durazzo/Durresi; 17.-26.5.1929 port calls in the Levant; 25.11.1929 decommissioned; from 26.11. accommodation ship at various ports like Ancona, Pola, since 19.12.1934 Trieste; 11.3.1937 stricken, probably scrapped at Trieste)
Saida (19.9.1920 commissioned by Italy as Venezia; repairs of the machinery; commissioned 5.7.1921 after refit; in October at Taranto final ending of machinery repairs; 31.12. stationery at the Levant; 3.1.1922 took over naval command of the Dodecanese at Marmaris; 16.30.4.1922 coverage of the retreat of Italian troops from Anatolia; 14.5.-31.8.1922 Izmir; 1.-4.9.1922 Rhodes; 5.9.1922 - 18.3.1923 Izmir; 11.3. Messina in; 21.3.11923 to La Spezia for repairs; since 1.11.1924 enlisted to the scout squadron 'Gruppo Esploratori', but steady repairs; 1.12.1925 active service; 8.1.1926 transferred to Taranto, special colonial mission; 16.3. minister for the colonies , to Derna/Libya, minister unshipped; 1.4. Benghazi shipped in; 4.4. Naples in; 11.-16.4.1926 Tripolis; 20.-24.4.1926 La Valletta/Malta, than Naples; 25.3.1927 at Naples Count of the on board for special mission to Ethiopia; 5.5. Massaua, 14.5.Assab, 15.5. at Djibuti Count of the Abruzzes unshipped for mission to Addis Abbaba; 2.5. shipped in, left Djibuti; 30.5. Massaua; 10.6. Naples in; 26.11. left for port calls in the Levant; .12. Taranto in; from 5.3.1928 at La Spezia staff ship of the II. torpedo division, left 5.3. for manoeuvres in the southern Adriatic; 3.6. - 21.10 stationery at the Levant, then reserve division of the scouting forces in the southern Adriatic; 4.7.1930 to Genoa for decommissioning; since 16.3.1935 accomodation ship; stricken 11.3. 1937, probably scrapped in Genoa.)
* France: Novara (March 1920 towed by French tug from Gjenovic/Boka Kotorska to Bizerta; because of water inrush during the towage beached in Brindisi harbour, salvaged after 5 weeks; towed to Bizerta Lagoon for further repairs; 12.-17.10.1921 towed from to Toulon, renamed Thionville; rearmed and refitted; gunnery and torpedo training ship of the Mediterranean division; disarmed 1.5.1932; stationary training ship at the artillery pier the naval arsenal of Toulon; 1932 decomm., acommodation ship at Toulon, sold for scrap 1942)
Old torpedoships, destroyers and torpedoboats:
* England: Panther, Leopard (sold for scrap to Roman steelmill Vaccaro Co, broken 1921 at Messina)
* Italy: Zara, Spalato, Sebenico (scrapped 1921), Meteor, Blitz, Komet, Planet, Trabant, Magnet, Scharfschuetze, Uskoke, Turul, Csiku˚s, Velebit, Dinara, HuszSÇr (II), Warasdiner (all of them probably scrapped 1921 at Pola) , Balaton (Tatra joined in the Italian V-Day parade of 24.3.1919; 27.9.1920 renamed Fasana resp. Zenson, 16.10.1920 both towed to Pola, not commissioned according to worn out condition but cannibalised; stricken 5.7.1923, scrapped),
Csepel, Orjen (renamed 26.9.1920 in Muggia resp. Pola; Muggia ab 10.3.1927 stationery at Shanghai, attached to cruiser Libia, patrols along the entire Chinese coast, stranded 25.3.1929 due to dense fog Amoy island on the Finger Rocks - total loss, crew saved by Japanese steamer Matsumoto (Maru?); Pola was modernised at Cantiere navale di scoglio olivi, Pola, using spares of TSÇtra and Balaton, 1924-1928 decommissioned respectively reserve at Taranto, from March 1931 colonial service in Libya, 9.4.1931 renamed Zenson(II), 1931/32 port calls in the eastern Mediterranean, then Venezia, 1.5.1937 stricken, scrapped)
Triglav (II), Lika (II), Uzsok (26.9.1920 renamed Grado, October 1920 towed by Italian tug Titano to Messina, towed July 1921 from Messina to Pola, refit at Cantiere navale di scoglio olivi and at Trieste, from October 1924 fleet service at Venezia, stricken 30.9.1937; the same with Cortellazzo, 1927 fleet service in Venezia as machinery training ship, 1928, 1931 and 1932 stationery in Libya, since November 1933 machinery training ship in Venezia, 1933 port calls in Greece and in Cyrenaika, 1937 e, 5.1.1937 stricken; the same with Monfalcone, 1928-1931 fleet service at Pola, 1931/32 training ship, port calls in the Dodecanese and Libya, August/September 1937 patrols in the straits of Sicily to intercept ships carrying supplies from Russia to Spanish Republicans, after that fleet service at Venezia, stricken 5.1.1939).
* France: Satellit, Pandur, Reka (1921 scrapped), Dukla (20.9.1920 renamed in Matelot Leblanc, August 1921 transferred to Toulon, Mediterranean Fleet service with the 1. Torpedo-Squadron, January to April 1923 refit at Toulon using spares of the Fasana and Zenson cannibalised by the Italians, fleet service, from 6.2.1924 to 30.5.1925 out of service because of bad condition, after repairs Mediterranean Fleet service with the 3. Torpedoboat-Squadron, 1928 with the 9. Torpedoboat-Squadron at Bizerta, stricken 1936, condemmned 4 May 1936, 5 October 1936 in Bizerta sold for scrap to the SociettÇ Klaguine).
* Greece: Ulan (renamed Smyrni; stricken 1932)
Coastal and high seas torpedoboats:
* England: Tb 8 - 10, Tb 14, Tb 18 (sold for scrap to Messina) Tb 50 E, 51 T, 53 T, 55 - 59 T, 62 T, 63 T, 64 - 68 F, 70 - 73 F (sold for scrap to Cantiere navale di scoglio olivi, Pola).
* Italy: Tb 1 - 7 (scrapped 1921; Tb 3, 7 Guardia Finanza/Customs until 1925) Tb 20, Tb 22 - 25, Tb 27, Tb 29 - 32, Tb 37, Tb 39, Tb 40 (scrapped 1921; Tb 22, Tb 24, Tb 25, Tb 29, Tb 32 Guardia Finanza/Customs until 1925).
* France: Tb 13, Tb 15 - 17 (scrapped 1921)
* Kingdom SHS (since 1.6.1929 kingdom Yugoslavia): Tb 21, Tb 19, Tb 36, Tb 38 (commissioned as D 1 - 4 until 1924/25, D 2 until 1941, fate ?)
Tb 60 T, Tb 61 T, Tb 69 F, Tb 54 T (commissioned as T 9 - 12; T 9, 10, 12 decommissioned 1924, T 11 decommissioned 1938 and scrapped)
Tb 76 T - 79 T (commissioned as T 1 - 4; T 1 since April 1941 Italian T 1, 7.12.1943 Croatic T 1, 1945 Yugoslav Golesnica, service until 1959. T 2 decommissioned 1939, scrapped. T 3 since April 1941 Italian T 3, 16.9.1943 German, commissioned 15.8.1944 as TA 48, sunk 20.2.1945 at Trieste by allied bombs, salvaged 1946, 1947 sold for scrap. T 4 total loss in 1932 after stranding /where?/).
Tb 87 F, 93 F, 96 F, 97 F (commissioned as T 5 - 8; T 5 since April 1941 Italian T 5; since 7.12.1943Croat T 5; since 1945 Yugoslav Cer, until 1963, scrapped. T 6 since 2.3.1941 Italian T 6, 11.9.1943 scuttled off Cesenatico. T 7 since April 1941 Italian T 7, since September 1943 Croat T 7, 25.6.1944 with mixed German-Croat in battle with British MTBs, ran aground on Murter - total . T 8, since April 1941 Italian T 8, 10.9.1943 off Dubrovnik /or Olip?/ sank by German bombs).
* Romania: Tb 75 T, 76 T, 80 T, 81 T (commissioned as Viforul, , Vijelija, Zborul; all stricken, Zborul in service since i.D., scrapped 1959/60)
Tb 82 F, 83 F, 84 F (commissioned as Naluca, sunk 1944 in Constanza harbour by Soviet aircraft; resp. Zmeul, in service until 1958, scrapped 1959/60; resp. Fulgerul, 8.2.1922 capsized during transfer off European coast of Turkey in heavy gale, total loss).
* Greece: Tb 92 F, 95 F (commissioned as Panormos, stranded in March 1928 off Aegina island - total loss; resp. Proussa, heavily damaged off Corfu by German air attack 4.4.1941, scuttled by crew)
Tb 98 - 100 M (commissioned as Kyzikos, scuttled on 25.4.1941 at Salamis Naval Arsenal; resp. Kios, heavily damaged by German air off Vougliameni on 23.4.1941, scuttled by crew; resp. , escorting Zakynthos sunk on 26.4.1941 by German air attack).
* Portugal: Tb 85 F, 86 F, 88 - 91 F (commissioned as Zezere, Ave, Cavado, Sado, Lis, Mondego; Zezere and Cavado ran aground in tow of the Portugese tug Patrao Lopez during transfer from Venice to Lisbon on 29.12.1921 near Bone, Algeria - both total loss; Ave left Venice 21.3.1921, in Lisbon on 5.5.1921, decommissioned 30.7.1940; Sado left Venice 21.5.1921, in Lisbon 5.8., decommissioned 30.7.1940; Lis left Venice 21.3.1921, in Lisbon on 5.5.1921, commissioned 31.12.1921, decommissioned 6.4.1934; Mondego left Venice 21.5.1921, in Lisbon 5.8.1921, decommissioned 14.1.1938).
Submarines:
* Italy: U 1, 2, 11, 15, 17 (scrapped in Pola), U 5, 21, 28, 32, 40 (scrapped in Venezia), U 27 (scrapped in Fiume/Rijeka), U 10 (scrapped in Trieste), U 29 (scrapped where?)
* France: U 4, 22, 31, 41, 43, 47 (scrapped where?)
Special service ships:
* England: minelayer Chamaeleon, Salamander (sold for scrap to Messina)
* France: minelayer Basilisk
* Italy: Torped supply ship and submarine mother ship Gaea (ex-NDL Fuerst Bismarck, ex-Russ. Moskwa; 1919 Italian state railways; 1920 chartered by Mssrs. Cosulich S.T.N. as emigrants ship to the USA, renamed San Giusto; after first voyage in 1921 idle and scrapped in 1924), Torpedosupplyship Pelikan, accomodation hulk Kronprinzessin Erzherzogin Stefanie (ex-turretship, scrapped 1926 at Trieste), fleetcoalers Pola, Teodo (renamed Fianona, Barbarina), fleettanker Vesta (ex-Etelka, renamed Marte), admiralty yacht Lacroma (ex- torpedo cruiser Tiger, scrapped), paddlewheel yachts Miramar, Taurus (scrapped; resp. ex-Nirwana, renamed Marechiaro, since 1928 official statejacht Aurora, sunk after torpedo hit by German E-boats S 54 and S 61 off Taranto on 11.9.1943), Yacht Dalmat (renamed Fata, since 9.1943 Croat Vila, 1945 admiralty-yacht Orjen, renamed Istranka, later floating restaurant Istranka at Split - the idle hull still exists and is for sale - apparently this is the only real existing relic of the former AH Navy), harbour yacht of Pola Lussin (ex- torpedocruiser, ex-stoker training ship, renamed Sorrento, passengership in the Gulf of Naples, stricken 1928), salvage ship Herkules (renamed Teseo, sunk 13.12.1931 in heavy gale), pumpship Pluto (renamed Volosca), harbour guardship Mars (ex-case mate ship Tegetthoff, scrapped).
* Kingdom SHS (since 6.1.1929 Kingdom Yugoslavia): Harbour guardship Kronrinz Rudolf (ex-turretship, renamed Kumbor; 1922 sold for scrap), accomodation hulk Kaiser Max (ex-casemate ship, renamed Tivat, later Neretva, scrapped 1927), repairship Cyclop (renamed Perun), salvage ship Gigant (renamed, decommissioned 1929 and scrapped).
Sources:
Franz F. Bilzer, Die Torpedoboote der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine von 1875-1918, Graz 1984, page 107 ff. Franz F. Bilzer, Die Torpedoschiffe und Zerstoerer der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine 1867-1918, Graz 1990, 116 ff. G. Fioravanzo/P.M. Pollina/G.N.G. Riccardi/ F. Gniffetti, I Cacciatorpediniere Italiani 1900 - 1971 (The Italian Destroyers 1900 - 1971), Rome 1971, page 171 ff Giorgio Giorgerini/Augusto Nani, Gli Incrociatori Italiani 1861 - 1970 (The Italian Cruisers 1861 - 1870), Rome 1971, page 399 ff Mihai Georgescu, ex-AH torpedoboats in Romanian service, in Modelism, Bucharest/Romania, # 3-4/1994 Paul G. Halpern, The Naval War in the Mediterranean, USNIP 1987 Paul Kemp, Grossbritannien und die Aufteilung der k.u.k. Flotte 1918-1923 (Great Britain and the distribution of the A-H fleet 1918-1923), in MARINE - Gestern, Heute, # 2/1985, p. 41ff., # 3/1985, p. 81 ff Arthur von Khuepach, Endschicksal der oesterreichisch-ungarischen Flotteneinheiten (fate of the A-H fleet), in Marine-Rundschau # 10/1938, page 750 ff, # 11/1938, page 830 ff, # 12/1938, page 920 ff Georg Pregel, Die SHS-Kriegsmarine in den Jahren 1919 - 1923 (The SHS-Navy in the years 1919-1923), in MARINE - Gestern, Heute, # 1/1987, page 1 ff. Erwin Sieche, Zeittafel der Aufloesung und Uebergabe der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine 1918-1923 (Timetable of the disintegration and surrender of the A-H Navy 1918-1923), in MARINE - Gestern, Heute, # 4/1985, p. 129 ff., # 1/1986, p. 12 ff Erwin Sieche, Verbleib der oesterreichisch-ungarischen Kriegsmarine nach 1918 (postwar fate of the A-H navy after 1918), in Schiff und Zeit,Germany, # 43 Milan Vego, The Yugoslav Navy 1918-1941, in Warship International # 4/1982, page 342 ff for further sources see Warship International # 2/1966, page 207
© 1997 Erwin F. Sieche, Vienna, Austria
Note on crest.
The official emblem of the Austro-Hungarian Navy shows the Habsburg crown decorated with two cap ribbons and a naval anchor.
http://www.cronab.demon.co.uk/ah3.htm